{"id":4724,"date":"2024-05-10T06:20:35","date_gmt":"2024-05-10T06:20:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/octopusinstitute.com\/?p=4724"},"modified":"2024-05-24T08:08:48","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T08:08:48","slug":"redefining-diplomacy-challenging-serbias-path-in-the-wake-of-western-tolerance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/octopusinstitute.com\/cs\/redefining-diplomacy-challenging-serbias-path-in-the-wake-of-western-tolerance\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159edefinov\u00e1n\u00ed diplomacie: V\u00fdzva na cestu Srbska ve znamen\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed tolerance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Srbsk\u00e9 nekontrolovan\u00e9 autorit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed za vl\u00e1dy Vu\u010di\u010de, podporovan\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00edm appeasementem, ohro\u017euje region\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilitu. Radik\u00e1ln\u00ed posun sm\u011brem k demokratizaci je nezbytn\u00fd pro trval\u00fd m\u00edr na Balk\u00e1n\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V Srbsku se autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd re\u017eim prezidenta Aleksandara Vu\u010di\u0107e v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch hluboce propojil s politickou a historickou trajektori\u00ed srbsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 koncentrace moci je evidentn\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kontroly m\u00e9di\u00ed a ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed opozice, siln\u00fdch vazeb s podzemn\u00edmi s\u00edt\u011bmi a volebn\u00edch manipulac\u00ed (zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch ze 17. prosince). Nav\u00edc spojen\u00ed s dikt\u00e1torem Putinem, zejm\u00e9na po invazi na Ukrajinu, vedlo k p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b tolerantn\u00edmu postoji Z\u00e1padu v\u016f\u010di Vu\u010di\u010dovi. To ho prom\u011bnilo v politick\u00e9ho dobrodruha s vysoce destruktivn\u00edmi sklony, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje hrozbu pro region\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00edr a stabilitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed teze t\u00e9to anal\u00fdzy hovo\u0159\u00ed o nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 pot\u0159eb\u011b Z\u00e1padu zm\u011bnit svou politickou strategii v\u016f\u010di Srbsku. To zahrnuje p\u0159estat tolerovat agresivn\u00ed a nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd postoj prezidenta Vu\u010di\u010de v\u016f\u010di Kosovu a dal\u0161\u00edm balk\u00e1nsk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm a obhajovat demokratizaci Srbska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Politika \u201eusmi\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed mezi sv\u011btov\u00fdmi v\u00e1lkami, zejm\u00e9na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm snahy britsk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Nevilla Chamberlaina usm\u00ed\u0159it Hitlera, zahrnovala z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9 tolerov\u00e1n\u00ed agrese protivn\u00edka, aby se vyhnul v\u00e1lce. Tato strategie sv\u011btov\u00e9 politiky je \u0161iroce diskutov\u00e1na mezi akademiky, Stephen Rock a Fareed Zakaria ji podporuj\u00ed, zat\u00edmco John Mearsheimer a Robert Kagan jsou proti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato anal\u00fdza si klade za c\u00edl ilustrovat, \u017ee appeasement neboli tolerance a pochopen\u00ed expanzivn\u00edch ambic\u00ed autokrat\u016f a dikt\u00e1tor\u016f je ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1. To bylo dolo\u017eeno t\u00edm, \u017ee nedok\u00e1zal zabr\u00e1nit druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce nebo udr\u017eet Hitlera, navzdory Chamberlainov\u00fdm pokus\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tolerance jako strategie k odrazen\u00ed prezidenta Vuci\u010de selhala \u2014 Taulant Elshani<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V posledn\u00edch letech byl p\u0159\u00edstup Z\u00e1padu k Aleksandaru Vu\u010di\u0107ovi shov\u00edvav\u00fd, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b v nad\u011bji na odveden\u00ed Srbska od rusk\u00e9ho vlivu a kv\u016fli chybn\u00e9mu geopolitick\u00e9mu posouzen\u00ed. Selh\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to strategie se projevilo invaz\u00ed na Ukrajinu v \u00fanoru 2022, kter\u00e1 poskytla Vu\u010di\u0107ovi a jeho re\u017eimu zna\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Tich\u00e1 a ob\u010das otev\u0159en\u00e1 tolerance Z\u00e1padu k destruktivn\u00edmu chov\u00e1n\u00ed Srbska vedla k \u00fapln\u00e9 revizi jeho politiky a p\u0159\u00edstupu k tomuto balk\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu. Objevily se i ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek, jako je demokracie a lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, a zda je takov\u00e1 tolerance v\u016f\u010di Vu\u010di\u010dovi pro Z\u00e1pad prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eskalace autorit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed v Srbsku, jeho antagonistick\u00fd postoj a p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 agrese proti Kosovu dne 24. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2023 spolu s pos\u00edlen\u00fdmi vazbami na<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rusko, ost\u0159e demonstrovalo selh\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edho appeasementu. Nejen\u017ee se nepoda\u0159ilo odpoutat Srbsko od rusk\u00e9ho vlivu, ale tak\u00e9 povzbudila prezidenta Vu\u010di\u010de, aby zintenzivnil svou vizi \u201esrbsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c. Tento koncept, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed polovojenskou a teroristickou agresi proti Kosovu, v\u00e1\u017en\u011b podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00edr a stabilitu v regionu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nal\u00e9hav\u00e1 pot\u0159eba radik\u00e1ln\u00edho posunu v p\u0159\u00edstupu Z\u00e1padu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tolerantn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup Z\u00e1padu podn\u00edtil srbsk\u00e9ho prezidenta, aby pokra\u010doval ve sv\u00fdch touh\u00e1ch po region\u00e1ln\u00ed dominanci, co\u017e znamenalo zah\u00e1jen\u00ed projektu \u201eSrbsk\u00fd sv\u011bt\u201c. Tato shov\u00edvavost v\u016f\u010di destruktivn\u00edm \u010din\u016fm Srbska, podporovan\u00e1 vlivn\u00fdmi z\u00e1padn\u00edmi n\u00e1rody, dala Vu\u010di\u010dovi dojem, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed volnost a spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti dvoj\u00ed politiky: spojen\u00ed s dikt\u00e1torem Putinem a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vazeb s Evropskou uni\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1padn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vu\u010di\u010dova eskaluj\u00edc\u00ed ni\u010divost vedla k nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdm sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, zejm\u00e9na od \u00fanora 2022. Tolerance srbsk\u00e9 agrese (appeasement) a jeho systematicky nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd postoj v\u016f\u010di Kosovu \u2013 p\u0159\u00edkladem je logistick\u00e1, finan\u010dn\u00ed a politick\u00e1 podpora v obc\u00edch na severu Kosova, zjevn\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed Teroristick\u00e9 organizace \u201eSevern\u00ed brig\u00e1da\u201c a \u201eCiviln\u00ed obrana\u201c, tolerance militaristick\u00e9 r\u00e9toriky v\u016f\u010di Kosovu a ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 beztrestnost teroristick\u00fdch a polovojensk\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f v Banjsk\u00e9 \u2013 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1ny za v\u00fdznamn\u00fd chybn\u00fd krok v p\u0159\u00edstupu Z\u00e1padu k Srbsku. Radik\u00e1ln\u00ed a komplexn\u00ed p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch politik a strategi\u00ed na Balk\u00e1n\u011b je naprosto nezbytn\u00e9.<br>Z\u00e1padn\u00ed politika appeasementu v\u016f\u010di Aleksandaru Vu\u010di\u010dovi nejen zv\u00fd\u0161ila z\u00e1vislost Srbska na Rusku, ale tak\u00e9 vedla k n\u00e1kupu pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch zbran\u00ed. Pos\u00edlilo to Srbsko, aby podniklo nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 podniky, jako je otev\u0159en\u00e1 polovojensk\u00e1 a teroristick\u00e1 agrese proti Kosovu. Tento postoj tak\u00e9 zes\u00edlil nacionalistickou r\u00e9toriku proti Bosn\u011b a Hercegovin\u011b, d\u00e1le zako\u0159enil autorit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a nahlodal demokratick\u00e9 principy v Srbsku.<br>Na principi\u00e1ln\u00ed i strategick\u00e9 \u00farovni mus\u00ed Z\u00e1pad ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k Balk\u00e1nu up\u0159ednostnit demokratizaci Srbska. Toto je jedin\u00e9 a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9ho m\u00edru a region\u00e1ln\u00ed stability. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed demokratizace v Srbsku by otev\u0159ela cestu ke vzniku vl\u00e1dy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm svobodn\u00fdch a demokratick\u00fdch voleb. Usnadnilo by to tak\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed Kosova jako nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho a suver\u00e9nn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, zastaven\u00ed obstrukc\u00ed v Bosn\u011b a Hercegovin\u011b a \u010cern\u00e9 Ho\u0159e a nakonec by vedlo k integraci Srbska do Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup p\u0159edstavuje jedinou sch\u016fdnou cestu k trval\u00e9mu m\u00edru na Balk\u00e1n\u011b a v Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1pad by m\u011bl p\u0159ijmout politiku podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 pomoci, podm\u00ednit pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoci, integra\u010dn\u00ed procesy a p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 vztahy se Srbskem jeho radik\u00e1ln\u00ed demokratizac\u00ed a revidovan\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem k jeho soused\u016fm.<br>Podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto t\u0159\u00ed proces\u016f je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, proto\u017ee jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro postaven\u00ed Srbska a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed prosperitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 2022 Srbsko obdr\u017eelo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 miliardu eur na pomoc od Evropsk\u00e9 unie prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b 286 milion\u016f eur na projekty hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho rozvoje a pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 720 milion\u016f eur od Evropsk\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed banky ve form\u011b p\u016fj\u010dek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Srbsko v\u0161ak neprok\u00e1zalo demokratick\u00e9 reformy ani dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sad pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu. Naopak, do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu poklesu demokratick\u00e9ho zastoupen\u00ed a na region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni Srbsko exportovalo n\u00e1sil\u00ed a teror, o \u010dem\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed jeho agrese proti Kosovu a rozvraty v Bosn\u011b a Hercegovin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1pad mus\u00ed autokratick\u00e9mu Vu\u010dicovi sd\u011blit, \u017ee nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fdm partnerem pro dal\u0161\u00ed integra\u010dn\u00ed etapy. To si vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed podm\u00ednek pro nov\u00e9 politick\u00e9 veden\u00ed v Srbsku za podm\u00ednek hlubok\u00fdch demokratick\u00fdch reforem, v\u010detn\u011b svobodn\u00fdch voleb, nez\u00e1vislosti m\u00e9di\u00ed, pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu a v\u00fdslovn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky uzn\u00e1n\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti Kosova a okam\u017eit\u00e9ho zastaven\u00ed destruktivn\u00ed politiky a obstrukc\u00ed v Bosn\u011b a Hercegovin\u011b. a \u010cern\u00e1 Hora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Od podeps\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy o slad\u011bn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky s Moskvou v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2022 vyvolalo Srbsko n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch kriz\u00ed na Balk\u00e1n\u011b destabilizac\u00ed Kosova, Bosny a Hercegoviny a \u010cern\u00e9 Hory, \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm teroru, obstrukc\u00ed a skryt\u00fdch v\u00e1lek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Srbsko nav\u00edc p\u0159ijalo revizionistick\u00fd program, kter\u00fd odm\u00edt\u00e1 uznat sousedn\u00ed suver\u00e9nn\u00ed st\u00e1ty a podporuje pou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edly ke zm\u011bn\u011b hranic. Stoj\u00ed jako jedin\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 zem\u011b se st\u00e1tn\u00edm programem a politick\u00fdm programem zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm na zni\u010den\u00ed sousedn\u00edho n\u00e1roda \u2013 Kosova. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 zem\u011b nem\u00e1 tak destruktivn\u00ed a agresivn\u00ed ambice, kter\u00e9 nevyhnuteln\u011b vedou ke konfliktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1pad, zejm\u00e9na Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Evropsk\u00e1 unie, mus\u00ed rozhodn\u011b zm\u011bnit sv\u016fj politick\u00fd postoj v\u016f\u010di Srbsku. Politika uklid\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt okam\u017eit\u011b opu\u0161t\u011bna. Re\u017eim Aleksandara Vu\u010di\u010de by m\u011bl b\u00fdt odsouzen jako hrozba pro region\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00edr a stabilitu a izolov\u00e1n jako bojovn\u00fd v\u016fdce a Putin\u016fv spojenec.<br>Demokratick\u00e9 Srbsko s legitimn\u00edm veden\u00edm, kter\u00e9 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 region\u00e1ln\u00ed realitu a nez\u00e1vislost Kosova a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 evropsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, je kl\u00ed\u010dem k udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu m\u00edru. Takov\u00e9 Srbsko se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch dohod a spolupr\u00e1ce s Kosovem za rovn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/octopusinstitute.org\/author\/octopusinstitute\/\"><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Serbia\u2019s unchecked authoritarianism under Vucic, bolstered by Western appeasement, threatens regional stability. A radical shift towards democratisation is imperative for lasting peace in the Balkans. In Serbia, President Aleksandar Vucic\u2019s&nbsp;authoritarian regime&nbsp;has become deeply intertwined with the political and historical trajectory of the Serbian state over the past decades. A significant concentration of power is evident<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5075,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"twitterCardType":"","cardImageID":0,"cardImage":"","cardTitle":"","cardDesc":"","cardImageAlt":"","cardPlayer":"","cardPlayerWidth":0,"cardPlayerHeight":0,"cardPlayerStream":"","cardPlayerCodec":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27,1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4724","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-analysis","8":"category-publications"},"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.7 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Redefining Diplomacy: Challenging Serbia\u2019s Path in the Wake of Western Tolerance - Octopus Institute<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/octopusinstitute.com\/cs\/redefining-diplomacy-challenging-serbias-path-in-the-wake-of-western-tolerance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Redefining Diplomacy: Challenging Serbia\u2019s Path in the Wake of Western Tolerance\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Serbia\u2019s unchecked authoritarianism under Vucic, bolstered by Western appeasement, threatens regional stability. A radical shift towards democratisation is imperative for lasting peace in the Balkans. In Serbia, President Aleksandar Vucic\u2019s&nbsp;authoritarian regime&nbsp;has become deeply intertwined with the political and historical trajectory of the Serbian state over the past decades. 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